Mammography

Mammography is a specialized medical imaging technique that uses low-dose X-rays to examine breast tissue. It is a critical tool for the early detection of breast cancer, enabling treatment at a stage when it is most effective. Understanding what mammography involves, why it is important, and how it is conducted can help alleviate any concerns and encourage regular screenings.

What is Mammography?

Mammography is an X-ray examination of the breasts. It is used primarily to detect early signs of breast cancer, often before a lump can be felt. There are two types of mammograms:

1. Screening Mammograms: These are routine tests used to check for breast cancer in women who have no apparent symptoms. The goal is early detection.
2. Diagnostic Mammograms: These are more detailed mammograms used to investigate suspicious breast changes, such as a new lump, breast pain, an unusual appearance, or nipple discharge.

Why is Mammography Important?

1. Early Detection: Mammography can detect tumors that are too small to be felt. Early detection significantly improves the chances of successful treatment and survival.
2. Monitoring: For women who have had breast cancer, mammography is used to monitor for any signs of recurrence.
3. Screening Tool: It is the most effective screening tool for reducing breast cancer mortality, particularly in women aged 40 and older.

Who Should Get Mammography?

• Women aged 40 and older: Annual or biennial screening is generally recommended.
• Women with a family history of breast cancer: They may need to start screenings earlier and may require more frequent tests.
• Women with known genetic mutations (e.g., BRCA1, BRCA2): They may need to begin screening at an earlier age and use additional imaging techniques, such as MRI.

The Mammography Process

1. Preparation: Avoid using deodorants, antiperspirants, powders, lotions, or perfumes under your arms or on your breasts on the day of the exam, as these can appear on the mammogram and interfere with the results. Wear a two-piece outfit to make undressing easier.
2. Procedure: During the procedure, a technologist will position your breast on the mammography machine. Your breast will be compressed between two plates to spread out the tissue and get a clear image. You may feel some pressure or discomfort, but it lasts only a few seconds. The process is repeated for each breast, typically with two images taken from different angles.
3. Results: A radiologist will examine the images for any signs of abnormalities. Results are usually available within a few days. If the mammogram shows something unusual, additional imaging or a biopsy may be recommended.

Understanding the Results

• Normal Result: No signs of cancer or other abnormalities.
• Abnormal Result: Does not necessarily mean cancer. It could be a cyst, dense breast tissue, or another non-cancerous condition. Further tests, such as an ultrasound or biopsy, may be needed for clarification.

Advancements in Mammography

• Digital Mammography: Offers better image storage and transmission, and allows for image manipulation to get a clearer view.
• 3D Mammography (Tomosynthesis): Provides a three-dimensional image of the breast, improving the detection of breast cancer and reducing the number of false positives.