Hysteroscopy

What is Hysteroscopy?

Hysteroscopy is a procedure used to inspect the uterine cavity. It is an essential tool in diagnosing and treating a variety of gynecological conditions. The hysteroscope is a narrow, telescope-like instrument equipped with a camera that projects images onto a screen for the doctor to see.

Types of Hysteroscopy

1. Diagnostic Hysteroscopy: Used to diagnose uterine problems. It is often performed in a doctor’s office and does not require anesthesia.
2. Operative Hysteroscopy: Performed to correct an abnormal condition that has been detected during a diagnostic hysteroscopy. Small instruments are inserted through the hysteroscope to perform the surgery.

Indications for Hysteroscopy

Hysteroscopy is recommended for various reasons, including:

• Abnormal Uterine Bleeding: To investigate heavy or irregular periods.
• Fibroids and Polyps: To diagnose and remove benign growths.
• Adhesions: To locate and remove scar tissue that may cause infertility or changes in menstrual flow.
• Septum: To diagnose and correct congenital malformations of the uterus.
• Lost IUD: To locate and remove a displaced intrauterine device (IUD).
• Biopsy: To take a sample of tissue for further examination.

Preparing for Hysteroscopy

Preparation for hysteroscopy involves:

• Medical History Review: Discussing your medical history, allergies, and current medications with your doctor.
• Preoperative Instructions: Fasting and avoiding certain medications as instructed.
• Anesthesia: Determining the type of anesthesia required, which could be local, regional, or general, depending on the procedure.

The Hysteroscopy Procedure

The procedure typically involves the following steps:

1. Positioning: The patient is positioned similarly to a pelvic exam.
2. Insertion: The hysteroscope is gently inserted through the vagina and cervix into the uterus.
3. Inspection: The doctor inspects the uterine cavity, looking for abnormalities.
4. Treatment: If necessary, operative instruments are inserted to treat the identified issue.
5. Completion: The hysteroscope is removed, and the patient is taken to a recovery area.

Recovery After Hysteroscopy

Recovery is usually quick, especially for diagnostic hysteroscopy. Patients may experience:

• Mild Cramping: Similar to menstrual cramps.
• Spotting: Light vaginal bleeding for a few days.
• Rest: Most patients can resume normal activities within a day or two.

Risks and Complications

While hysteroscopy is generally safe, potential risks include:

• Infection: Rare but possible.
• Bleeding: Slight bleeding is normal, but heavy bleeding should be reported.
• Perforation: Accidental puncture of the uterus, though uncommon.
• Anesthesia Risks: Depending on the type used.